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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,Facial Expression:A Primary Communication System,a characteristic of a person that is represented,i.e.,the signified;,a visual configuration that represents this characteristic,i.e.,the signifier;,the physical basis of this appearance,or sign vehicle,e.g.,
2、the skin,muscle movements,fat,wrinkles,lines,blemishes,etc.;and,typically,some person or other perceiver that perceives and interprets the signs.,Facial Expression Has Many Messages and Multiple Sources,general shape,orientation,（,pose,）,position of the head,the shapes and positions of facial featur
3、es(e.g.,eyes,mouth),coloration and condition of the skin,shapes of wrinkles,，,folds,and lines,muscular movements produced by facial muscles,（,As a generalization,muscular activity contributes expressive variation on a background of more slowly changing or static expressive sources.These latter sourc
4、es include the sizes,positions,and shapes of fleshy tissues,hair,teeth,cartilage,and bones.,）,Multiple Messages in Nonverbal Communication,messages are validly related to characteristics of the person behind the face,some are fabrications of the viewer unrelated to the real person,the appearances pr
5、oduced by one source of facial information can interact with another,producing a mixture,An Example of Messages from the Face,The interpretations of facial expressions should provide an idea of the variety of information that can be derived from nonverbal communication by the face and the sources of
6、 this information.,Interpretations of Facial Expressions,The expression of this young woman presents a consistent picture of relaxed contentment in both her physiognomy and her muscular expression.Her face is round and so is each component,her forehead,her cheeks,her chin.Such roundness of features
7、seems to convey a pleasant,friendly demeanor.Her lips are full and pulled slightly upwards and outwards by the action of the,zygomatic,major muscle to create a slight smile.Her inner eyelids seem slightly tightened and raised and her upper lip may be raised slightly.Scientists have found evidence th
8、at this combination of a smile with tightening around the eyes indicates the emotion of happiness is genuinely felt,as opposed to simulated poorly or a mere emblem of a smile.The combination of lip raising and smiling has deepened and shaped her,nasolabial,furrow.The coloration of her skin,eyes and
9、lips provide information about her ethnic background and her cap could be a clue to her cultural background or identity,This actor uses both his physiognomic features and his transient expression to convey strong messages to his face reading audience.His square face juts forward,his white hair wildl
10、y tossed by his emotional storm.His scarred and coarse face lend a dangerous background and his carefully cropped beard enhances his strong,broad chin.The boiling anger is indicated by his muscular movements:the eyebrows that are pulled together and down to form vertical wrinkles between the eyebrow
11、s in the forehead and the glaring stare of his eyes that is caused by the tightening of muscles around his eyelids and raising of his upper eyelid.The general impression is one of threatening violence from a powerful and experienced,mature male.We cannot tell whether this actor was actually experien
12、cing the emotion of anger in his portrayal or not,as actors use different strategies to portray emotion in their craft,but this actor has all the signs pointing in a consistent direction.Coloration of the skin,texture of the hair,and shape of the head provide information about his sex,age,and ethnic
13、 background.,http:/face-and- that face takes,Emotion is one of the most controversial topics in psychology,a source of intense discussion and disagreement from the earliest philosophers and other thinkers to the present day,Components of Emotion,feeling component,gross behaviors of the body effected
14、 by the skeletal muscles and the so-called emotion expressions e.g.,wringing and rubbing the hands or tapping a foot,or they may be directed towards a goal,e.g.,striking something or running away,A less obvious component of emotion is the set of internal bodily changes caused by the smooth muscles a
15、nd glands such as the constriction or dilation of the iris of the eye,possibly,piloerection,and sweating,blanching,and flushing of the skin and other responses that are relatively hidden,such as heart rate,stomach activity,and saliva production,Another less observable component in emotion consists o
16、f the ideation,imagery,and thoughts that occur during emotion,Finally,the neural processes that underlie much of the preceding activities can be considered a component of the emotion process,Emotion and Facial Expression,Research shows that people categorize emotion faces in a similar way across cultures,that similar facial expressions tend to occur in response to particular emotion eliciting events,and that people produce simulations of emotion faces that are characteristic of each specific emo
關(guān)于面相的PPT
