初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)全課件2.ppt

.,the Passive Voice,（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）,文綜之家 http:/,英語的兩大語態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),A.主動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者。賓語 是謂語動(dòng)詞的對象。 B.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的承受者(動(dòng)作的 對象)。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成: 助動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞過去分詞,語態(tài)：表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。 英語有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主動(dòng)語態(tài)) English is studied by many students. (被動(dòng)語態(tài)),語態(tài),被打的豆豆,被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解,遙遠(yuǎn)的小島上，住著一個(gè)倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人只有三件事要忙，吃飯，睡覺，打豆豆。 你看，它總是被打，還不知道是誰打的。,Doudou is always beaten by someone.,昨天晚上 ，夜黑風(fēng)高，它又被打了。,Doudou was beaten yesterday evening.,明天，豆豆還會(huì)面臨n頓暴打，可憐的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow ,Doudou will be beaten several times .,可憐的豆豆，已經(jīng)被這樣打了很多年。命運(yùn)一直沒有改變。 Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years.,我們親愛的豆豆現(xiàn)在在干嘛，不用問，一定是正在被打 。 Our dear doudou is being beaten now .,隨時(shí)可能被打的豆豆啊，誰來救救它啊。 Poor Doudou may be beaten anytime .,什么時(shí)候要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢？,在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài),什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語態(tài) 與主動(dòng)的區(qū)別,不知道主語是誰 主語是大家顯而易見的 動(dòng)作是誰做的不重要 賓語做主語 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)改變,助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。 如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher.,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu),助動(dòng)詞be（am/is/are）+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,不同的時(shí)態(tài)有不同的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,1. They bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were +過去分詞,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,Ten computers,were bought,1. They make shoes in that factory. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,am/is /are +過去分詞,一：英語的謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài),We speak English.,主語,謂語,賓語,English is spoken by us. 被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語,謂語,賓語,賓變主,主變賓,前加by,主動(dòng)語態(tài),各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表,Exercise: He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,Exercise: We call the snowman Mr. Strong.,The snowman is called Mr. Strong.,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been+ done Poor Doudou has been beaten for many years. Have you posted the letters yet? 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句_,歸納總結(jié)方法,把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)可按“ 、 、 ” 來進(jìn)行。即： 變把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，把主 動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。 套根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。 注意注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一變,二套,三注意,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的大體構(gòu)成：,Be + PP（過去分詞）,主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)之歌： 被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓，be后加上過去分。 Be要隨著主語變，人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。 行為對象作主語， 邏輯主語by來引。,被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成 Be done,Be 的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 現(xiàn)在時(shí) am is are + done Doudou is always beaten by someone. Children_in China. A is taken good care B have taken goodcare C are taken good care of D must take care of,主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：,We clean our classroom every day.,Our classroom,is cleaned,主語,謂語,賓語,by us,every day,結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語謂語賓語,被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,主語,be +過去分詞,by+賓語,即:、主變賓、賓變主,謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)。” (注:主變賓即主語變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語),主變被解題步驟:,1. 找賓語 -即動(dòng)作的承受者（動(dòng)詞后）,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判斷賓語的單復(fù)數(shù) -即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).,are were,3. 判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).,4. 修改謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞,made,5. 修改原句的主語 -即by+ 主語/ 賓語.,by them in that factory.,task,（一） 1.We like Miss Lin Very much. Miss Lin _ _ by us very much. 2.Many young people love Jay Chou songs. Jay Chous songs _ _ by many young people.,is,liked,are,loved,時(shí)態(tài):,結(jié)構(gòu)：,am / is / are + done,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,1.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us. 2. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Metal _ _ _making machines.,is,called,is,used,for,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (speak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grown,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are made,注意把主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)不能變。且be動(dòng)詞和新主語保持一致。如上例，所給的主動(dòng)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 如果主動(dòng)句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)作介詞 by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要注意的問題,一些使役動(dòng)詞(let, have, make等)或感官動(dòng)詞(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， doing保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)),2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.,一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were +過去分詞,Exercise: He bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought yesterday.,3. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,am/is/are + being +PP,Exercise: They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,Exercise: They are playing volleyball now.,Volleyball is being played (by them) now,4.She was interviewing the famous man at this time yesterday.,The famous man was being interviewed by her,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,was/were + being +PP,Exercise: He was playing basketball at 8:00 last night.,Basketball was being played at 8:00 yesterday.,5.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days.,一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,will+ be +過去分詞,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,be going to + be + pp,Exercise: The girl will finish her homework in twenty minutes.,Her homework will be finished( by the girl) in twenty minutes.,6. He said the workers would build a new school in two weeks.,He said a new school would be built in two weeks.,過去將來時(shí)被動(dòng)構(gòu)成：,would + be + pp,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by them) the next day.,7.Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)：,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be+過分,Exercise: He may carry the basket easily.,The basket may be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,8.We have made twenty keys,Twenty keys have been made by us.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,have/has + been+過去分詞,Exercise: Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,9.We had seen this film before you came here.,This film had been seen by us before you came here.,過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：,had +been +PP,Exercise: The doctor knew that he had known his problem.,The doctor knew that his problem had been known by him.,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)情況： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過去時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 過去完成時(shí)： 一般將來時(shí)： 過去將來時(shí)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)：,am / is / are done,was / were done,am / is / are being done,was / were being done,have / has been done,had been done,shall / will be done be going to be done,would/should +be+ done,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+ done,Exercise: Pick out the passive voice We have an old musical instrument. It was called clavichord It was made in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. We arent allowed to touch it. Now it is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.,Exercises: 一.選擇填空: Windows of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. used,C,C,A,4. Watches_ Shanghai. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6.The things on show were _ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _ in Hangzhou and Suzhou A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces,A,A,D,A,1. I was given a book by him. (間賓作主）,He gave me a book. (變被動(dòng)）,主語,謂語,間賓,直賓,2. A book was given to me by him.,My mother bought me a birthday cake.,主語,謂語,間賓,直賓,1. I was bought a birthday cake by my mother.,2. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother.,帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)歌謠：,原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。 間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。 直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或for。,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，間賓前加to 的帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：14個(gè) bring, teach, pass, hand, give, lend, refuse,leave, promise, tell, return, show, send , write.,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)，間賓前加for 的帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：5個(gè) buy, get, do, pay, sing.,把下列句子變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語態(tài)： 1.They made shoes in that factory. 2.They will make shoes in that factory. 3.They would make shoes in that factory. 4.They can make shoes in that factory. 5.They have made shoes in that factory. 6.They had made shoes in that factory. 7.They are making shoes in that factory. 8.They were making shoes in that factory,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,四幾種值得注意的被動(dòng)語態(tài)變化,帶復(fù)合賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,原句若是雙賓語，一變主來一保賓。 間賓要把主語變，原來直賓還是賓。 直賓要把主語變，間賓前加to或 for。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，情態(tài)加be加過分。,1.Our school _ in 2002.(開辦) 2.The young trees must_ _ _ well.(照顧) 3. _ this building_(建成)last year? 4.The book _ _(寫)by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行) in Beijing in 2008.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the ticket on the floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,Answer right or wrong,1.必須照看好孩子們。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2.這本書是魯迅寫的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3.昨天那支筆是他給我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ),W,R,W,R,W,R,4.這輛自行車能修嗎？ Can this bike mended?( ) Can this bike be mended?( ) 5.街道已由他們清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they.( ) The street has been cleaned by them.( ),W,R,W,R,必背！,動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài),take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,They made shoes in that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They would make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were making shoes in that factory.,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).,一感二聽三使四看,feel / hear listen/ make have let/ look see watch notice,這十大動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞用原形，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)必須加上to,使用口訣： 感使動(dòng)詞真奇怪， to在句子像妖怪。 主動(dòng)句里to 走開，被動(dòng)句里to回來。 動(dòng)詞let要除外， to詞可來可不來。,Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy draw,for,I bought my brother a book.,注意:,約翰打開了收音機(jī)。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞。,We must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would come back soon.,類似的還有： It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that ,We report,1). 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：,不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：,2) 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語態(tài),have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【誤】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：,4.系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),這魚味道很好。,這條圍巾摸上去很軟。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代詞在句中作賓語時(shí)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【誤】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。,這書很好賣。,這種布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,這書賣完了。,The book is sold out.,